A microphone is a device that converts sound waves into electrical signals. In this way, it manages to amplify them.
These devices generate electrical currents based on changes in air pressure. To achieve this, they can resort to different processes and techniques, such as electromagnetic induction or piezoelectric. In general, they must be connected to a preamplifier so that their signal is in a position to be processed, recorded, and reproduced in a speaker.
The membrane that captures sound vibrations is called the diaphragm. This diaphragm, which is protected by a grid, is connected to the system that converts sound waves into electricity. The microphone transducer, which is in charge of transforming sound into electrical signals, is called an element or capsule.
When a person speaks into a microphone, therefore, the sound waves it emits are sent to the diaphragm attached to the capsule, which is responsible for producing the electrical signals that are amplified.
There are multiple kinds of microphones. The most common ones have a cable for their electrical supply and are held with one hand; thus, the user brings his hand with the microphone to his mouth to speak or sing. With this exact format, there are wireless microphones.
Lavalier microphones, on the other hand, can be operated without using hands. They hook on clothing or around the neck and always stay close to the mouth.
The use of microphones is essential in areas such as the media, telephony, and mass public events. This guarantees the amplification of the sound.
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