In this article, we previously discussed the definition of technology. We now discuss comprehensive guides, the historical evolution of technology, and current and future trends in technology.
Table of Contents
Comprehensive guides of technology in 2024 and 2025 in the USA and India
We are going to discuss the comprehensive guides of technology. USA resources focus on executive-level books and global platforms like Coursera, while India highlights job-oriented certifications from NIIT and TechPath. These selections prioritize updated, high-impact materials for career growth.
USA Guides
Leading USA-based or globally accessible guides include CTO-focused books like “The Phoenix Project” on DevOps and “The Hard Thing About Hard Things” by Ben Horowitz for startup leadership challenges. “Accelerate” by Nicole Forsgren presents data-driven DevOps metrics, whereas “Clean Architecture” by Robert C. Martin outlines software design principles. Platforms such as Harvard’s CS50 on edX and AWS Training offer free-to-paid courses in computer science and cloud computing.
India Guides
NIIT Digital’s 2025 courses are designed for working professionals and offer self-paced programs in data science (Python, SQL), AI/ML, cybersecurity, cloud (AWS/Azure), and full-stack development, with live projects and certifications. TechPath recommends data science, cloud computing, and cybersecurity for high employability, offered by institutes with industry-aligned curricula. GUVI and similar platforms provide interactive coding tutorials suited to Indian job markets.
Key Comparisons
| Category | USA Highlights | India Highlights |
| Books/Leaders | “The Phoenix Project,” “Code Complete” | Adapted global reads via Packtpub |
| Courses/Skills | CS50 (Harvard), AWS Cloud | NIIT AI/ML, Cybersecurity certs |
| Focus Areas | DevOps, architecture, innovation | Data analytics, full-stack for jobs |
| Accessibility | Free edX/Coursera, paid O’Reilly | Self-paced with placements |
Platforms Overview
- Coursera/edX (USA/Global): Google UX Design, MIT Python courses.
- NIIT Digital (India): Project-based upskilling in emerging tech.
- Packtpub: 7,000+ books/videos on trends like quantum computing.
Current and Future Trends in Technology
Technology trends in 2025 emphasize AI integration, expanded connectivity, and immersive realities, evolving toward embodied AI, edge computing, and advanced biotech by 2027.
Year-by-Year Comparison
| Year | Key Trends | Notable Shifts |
| 2025 | Generative AI, 5G expansion, AR/VR/XR, IoT, edge computing, blockchain, autonomous vehicles, sustainable tech, biotech in agriculture, personalized medicine. | Focus on infrastructure like high-speed networks and AI core systems; global AI investment hits $500B by 2027 start. |
| 2026 | Augmented intelligence (SLMs), AI-enhanced metaverse, humanoids-as-a-service, data warehouses in a box (edge supercompute), brain-computer interfaces in consumer use, AI-driven healthcare discoveries. | Pivot to compact, on-device AI and robotics services; geopolitical shifts with China leading tech capabilities. |
| 2027 | AI evolution to human-level, quantum computing scale-up, 6G/satellite networks, smart glasses replacing phones, advanced robotics/humanoids, self-repairing materials, intelligent cities, next-gen biotech/cybersecurity. | Emphasis on ultra-fast connectivity, pervasive autonomy, and immersive hardware; autonomous delivery networks expand in cities. |
Emerging Cross-Year Themes
AI dominates all years, shrinking from large models to efficient SLMs and edge devices while enabling humanoids and metaverses. Connectivity advances from 5G to 6G, supporting IoT and real-time apps. Biotech and sustainability grow, with personalized medicine and green tech maturing into healthspan extensions. Quantum and brain interfaces gain traction post-2026.
What is the definition of technology?
Technology refers to the application of ancient Greek scientific knowledge for practical purposes, particularly in industry. It encompasses tools, systems, and modern technology methods designed to solve problems and enhance efficiency, driven by technological advances. From simple tools to complex machines, technology plays a crucial role in shaping our modern lives and driving progress across various fields.
Examples:
Invention of tablets, which are capable of performing the work of a computer. Tablets are being excessively light and portable, is a merit of technology.
As well as the creation of robots for the automation of repetitive tasks.
Types of Technologies
Hard Technology
Technology which use elements of the hard sciences such as engineering, mechanics, mathematics, physics, chemistry and others. In this way, it can be used as an example of hard technology, applied to the field of computer science, biochemistry, and the pharmaceutical industry, electronics, etc.
More features of this technology is, product obtained is not only visible but also tangible. Such as, the production of material goods.
Soft Technology
Technology that relies on humanistic or soft sciences, such as sociology, psychology, economics, and AI, etc. Generally, they are used in order to achieve improvements within institutions or companies.
Companies that allow them to achieve their objectives in a more effective way. In this case the product that is obtain is not visible or tangible, since it consists in the development of services, strategies, theories and others.
In short, hard technologies give us tangible assets, such as a wooden spoon, and soft technologies provide us with intangible assets. Such as, the creation and development of software. It is usual to relate soft technologies to the field of economics, management and administration. While, on the contrary, hard technologies are closely related to the area of physics and chemistry.
Whereas other side, we can find a supple technology that massifies technologies in different areas.
For example, the microchip can use in both phones and computers. As well as the technologies that encompasses the set of technologies for a product or certain area (for example, rat poison can use for the particular elimination of said animal).
