GPS Write for Us
The acronym “GPS” has become part of our linguistic habit. Its meaning is the “Global Positioning System. And its use is also widely known: establishing latitude and longitude coordinates anywhere on Earth. Behind these initials and the position is known continuously, there are a complex satellite system and ground stations.
Origins and evolution of GPS
GPS was initially developed by the United States Department of Defense (DoD) within the NAVSTAR (Navigation Satellite Timing And Ranging) program.
For years, the ships, planes, and land units of the US Army made exclusive use of the system, showing great utility.
Under the pretext of improving air and maritime security, the international community reached a shared-use agreement with the Armed Forces, giving rise in 1995 to GPS’s public use. However, the United States established as a condition the ability to alter the accuracy of positions to safeguard their security and military operations (something that only starts in places of war in certain circumstances and only affects the civil signal).
The satellite positioning system replaced the old LORAN system, whose satellites gave the position under its coverage twice a day. Another equally efficient, although less well known, the positioning system is the one developed by the Russian Space Agency.
GPS members
The GPS Global Positioning System is made up of three sectors or components:
- Space sector: composed of 24 satellites arranged in six orbits at the rate of 4 teams in each orbit. Satellites orbit the Earth at an altitude of 20,200 kilometers (below geostationary satellites). Rotation speed is one revolution of the Earth every 12 hours. It Follows a route with an inclination of 55º to the celestial Equator. And a difference of 90º of the arc of the satellites between them. To this must be added the complete coverage geostationary satellites of the WAAS / EGNOS system.
- Land sector: also called control. It deals with correcting the signal obtained from the satellites and possible deviations from the orbit. The land sector comprises nine stations: 1 general, 5 for tracking, and 3 for data.
- User sector: composed of antenna, amplifier, and receiver. The team is in charge of selecting the satellites that should provide the information to calculate the position and measure the time between transmissions.
The combination of the three sectors provides time and position with global coverage, ensuring that any user has between 6 and 8 satellites visible on the horizon at all times.
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